in the possible abscene of phil , i'll try to explain it to the level of my knowledge (electrical service technician , servicing inverters for home power use ) .
a electric locomotive is basically the same as a electric motor controller , in say a modern washing machine or power tool .
it takes a.c power from the cantenary supply at say 25 000 volts . it puts it through a transformer , dropping it to say 5000 volts a.c ( voltage plucked out of the air i dont know what the transformer secondary voltage is in a locomotive . ) it then reticifies it to D.c power . you now have maybe 6000 volts d.c .it does this to smooth it out , and save having to worry about what frequency etc the a.c power coming in is . heres where the inverting part comes in . your transistor , mosfet , etc is basically a switch , turned on by a electric pulse from the control circuit . but its capable of turning off and on from say 20 times a second , to 200 000 times a second ( probably more these days ) . imagine your self turning a tap on supplying a hose turnng a water wheel . if you turn it on once a minute the wheel will turn slowly without much power . if you turn it on once a second , it will turn faster , and with more power . so too does the controller control the speed of the motor , by turning the transistor on a few time a second for slow , to 1000's of times a second for fast . as you can hear , once its up to high speed , the switch is turned on so many times per second that to the human air it sounds like a constant hum .
the "music" is simply changing frequency of the pulses . the designing engineers have intentionally or unintentionally stepped the changes in frequency to sound like popular classical scores . in addition you have up to 6 different inverters reacting to individual wheel slip speed amd changing the pulse frequency to bring it under control . i imagine someday some rock musican will be waiting at a station , and a combination of slippery rail and load on a locomotive will provide him with a new riff .
thats the real basics , i havent gone into the ac / dc part so much , ( i 'm thinking maybe it would be easier to understand if i left the d.c part out altogether . i tend to argue the only difference between a.c and d.c these days is where you put zero volts , its all pulsed to some extent or the other ) .
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