Like most of urban Massachusetts, Springfield isn't as dangerous as it used to be, especially if you're careful. South of the tracks/downtown is pretty safe; I wouldn't go too far north of the tracks, though the bus station is right there if you want to eat.
However, there's not much to photograph. The station is on a high grade, so except for shots of trains going over the Main Street viaduct you can't get much from the ground. The station layout is not very railfan-friendly-either; the waiting room don't have much of a track view. As an Amtrak-owned station, you are supposed to have a ticket to photograph from the station platforms, and there is usually a cop there.
The old station is blocked off by fences for restoration. In a few years, it'll be a nice target for photography on its own, and the track views may be better.