The Golden State had about a 45 hour time according to my Oct '61 Guide which I have in the office just to answer questions like this. It may have been a bit faster earlier but this was 5-6 hrs slower than the Super Chief and City of LA. All these 3 trains had Extra Fares at one time and the Super and GS still did in '61. The City of LA had a seat reservation charge only at this time.
The GS was heavy on Double Bedroom, Compartment and Drawing Room space as it served one of the two big retiree havens and probably the one with very well off people....Arizona. Roomettes were also available.
Some of the GS Route advantages that were touted were:
1) Serves both Tucson and Phoenix on a mainline (not just a branch to Phoenix like ATSF).
2) Lowest crossing of Continental Divide especially tempting to people with asthma and other respiratory problems who were seeking the sun and dry air of Arizona.
3) When the schedule was good with a late morning or early p m arrival in Chicago, the advantage of making close, across the platform connections at Englewood U. S. with premier Eastern trains was advertised. These premier trains were 20th Century, Commodore Vanderbilt, Broadway Ltd., General and others heading for the Rust Belt and rest of the great Northeast. This obviated the need for going into LaSalle Street and then going out again if the routing was CRIP-NYC or NKP and a complete station change if the routing was CRIP-PRR. A comfort for the type of people who were likely to ride the GS ...us older folk.
4) The GS also split off a sleeper and sometimes a coach at Kansas City for the Twin Cities a smaller enclave of folks who might seek the warmth of Arizona or who might actually go all the way to LA LA LAND.