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Discussion of steam locomotives from all manufacturers and railroads

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 #1237833  by Steffen
 
Hello,
a question which came up with a discussion on this video.

Changing stays on the french 141R Mikado

Well, here one can see that many stays are broken and leaking into the firebox. The stay heads are grind away, the holes drilled and the stays are removed with the torch.
They cut ne threads into the holes and build new stays with threads on the lathe. Those were screwed into the stay holes, and the heads were widened up with the air hammer. Next the heads were air hammered into the button head for complete seal...

My question is: When were welded stays established in the US? Welded stays were widely done with upcoming second world war and the widely used steel fireboxes, which replaced the copper fireboxes.
In the video we see 141 R mikado becoming new stays, but the process how this is done is only known with copper fireboxes, as here welding isn't possible. So the stays were screwed in the stay holes and hammered button head.
With the steel fireboxes, welded stays were common ....

So, what's up in the US? Did you use screwed in stays, or welded in stays? When did the welded stays come up?