Yes, headlights are kind of a "new" thing - really only adopted when subway lines began to be extended into suburbia on the surface. Interesting to me that the Red Line had been going to Ashmont on a surface line since the 1920s and while some of the really old cars had railroad-style headlights, the 01400s originally did not have any headlights at all. Must have been a very dark ride with motormen just hoping there was nothing out on the right of way.
The incandescent bulbs used in the subway were special "street railway" bulbs - I believe the base was threaded in the opposite direction of a household bulb to prevent theft. They also operated on something other than 110/220v current.
I've been told that subway cars today do indeed have dimmable headlights, but all I've ever seen motormen use are full bright and off.
Extremely bright lighting in tunnels can be as distracting as it may be beneficial. Anyone who drives through the Pru Tunnel at night can tell you, with that bank of bright lights that is supposed to help transition from daylight to the tunnel except they leave them on all the time. Other than the typical "security" reasoning, is it really necessary to have anything other than just enough light to see by in a subway tunnel? All cars are equipped with headlights now, and workers are going to be bringing their own supplemental lighting. Why light the whole place up like noon all the time? Evacuation aid maybe?