[How far in advance? I don't know, I'm sure it's stated somewhere on the FRA site but I didn't see it. But the signal would have to be located well in advance of the crossing to allow the engineer to be able to bring a train moving 110+ mph to a safe stop if the crossing barrier DID NOT deploy or the crossing was NOT clear.
I guess that's why the barrier has to be
impenetrable. If the gates activate when the train is barely in sight you just KNOW a lot of drivers will think, "Screw this, I can make it." If there's anyway possible for cars to go around the gates there's people that will do it. And that's something you DON'T want to see when you're moving 125 mph
.[/quote]
Where installed, the crossing allows for a 50 second crossing warning in place of the usual 20-30 second one. At 60mph (mile a minute) this needs to be nearly a mile up the track. At 120 this goes up to 2 miles to allow for in cab warning to the train to slow/stop if gates are not working or something is fouled.
At the 1-2 mile mark, the barrier would have to be impenatratable for those antsy drivers that can't wait a minute at the crossing. For a slow moving tractor, the farmer would need to call to see if it was safe to even open the gate. I don't know if some systems could add a yellow flashing warning to give a driver 10 seconds to be off & clear of the track? somewhere there is a proposal to do a "school zone" style flashing warning sign. I suppose at some locations the "pedestrian countdown flashing"type sign could also be used to keep antsy drivers at bay. Those signs help me to know when traffic is too slow to clear a normal highway/street light.